Rust 并发编程：舌战群儒

Rust 以“无畏并发”(Fearless Concurrency) 著称。编译器会帮你检查数据竞争 (Data Race)。

🧵 创建线程 (spawn)

使用 thread::spawn 创建新线程。

use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;

fn main() {
    let handle = thread::spawn(|| {
        for i in 1..10 {
            println!("烈火奶奶骂了 {} 句", i);
            thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
        }
    });

    for i in 1..5 {
        println!("包龙星回了 {} 句", i);
        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
    }

    handle.join().unwrap(); // 等待子线程结束
}

📨 消息传递 (Channel)

不要通过共享内存来通信，要通过通信来共享内存。

use std::sync::mpsc;
use std::thread;

fn main() {
    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();

    thread::spawn(move || {
        let val = String::from("大人，常威打我！");
        tx.send(val).unwrap();
    });

    let received = rx.recv().unwrap();
    println!("收到消息: {}", received);
}

🔒 共享状态 (Mutex)

互斥锁 (Mutex) 保证同一时间只有一个线程能访问数据。

use std::sync::{Mutex, Arc};
use std::thread;

fn main() {
    // Arc (Atomic Reference Counting) 用于多线程间共享所有权
    let counter = Arc::new(Mutex::new(0));
    let mut handles = vec![];

    for _ in 0..10 {
        let counter = Arc::clone(&counter);
        let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
            let mut num = counter.lock().unwrap();
            *num += 1;
        });
        handles.push(handle);
    }

    for handle in handles {
        handle.join().unwrap();
    }

    println!("Result: {}", *counter.lock().unwrap());
}